What do you want to make sure we definitely cover?
CPR
Choking
Recovery position
Bleeding
Anaphylaxis
Broken bones
Managing death
Concussion
Drowning
Hypothermia
House
FEAR
False emergency appearing real
Must be instinctive (like children)
Kids do the main thing right. Not a con
We need to get out of our 'heads' and get into the basics
CPR
Choking
Recovery position
Bleeding
Anaphylaxis
Broken bones
Managing death
Concussion
Drowning
Hypothermia
House
FEAR
False emergency appearing real
Must be instinctive (like children)
Kids do the main thing right. Not a con
We need to get out of our 'heads' and get into the basics
Looking at patients as a simple organism.
Body System levels:
Body System levels:
System level -> organ -> tissue -> cells
Cellular house
1. Gas
Gas: O2 and CO2
Oxygen is toxic
Presences of CO2 leads to O2 (not a lack of O2)
1. Gas
Gas: O2 and CO2
Oxygen is toxic
Presences of CO2 leads to O2 (not a lack of O2)
Breathing out is an active moment. All breathing is about CO2. Changing the pressure
Hypoventilation.
Most people believe that breathing issues are an O2 problem. But it is a balance issue. Given O2 can be dangerous.
What is their gas like? Too much? Too little? Balance? Replace it?
Most people believe that breathing issues are an O2 problem. But it is a balance issue. Given O2 can be dangerous.
What is their gas like? Too much? Too little? Balance? Replace it?
2. H20
Fluids. All fluids.
What would be an issue?
- External/internal Bleeding
- Excessive sweat (sneaky)
- Breaking bone
Any swelling
Skeletal system is not fully developed until you are 25years
Bones have its own glass house qualities (gas, H20 etc.)
Very sharp when broken. Can pierce through skin very easily (Fireman story)
Arm can hold 10%
Thigh can hold 30%
Loss of 40% blood, you can die. (Carderaclic arrest
- Burns
Fluid (blisters)
Shock kills (lack of fluid)
If not shock, then infection
Shock kills (lack of fluid)
If not shock, then infection
- Vomiting and diarrhoea
Thirst: 3%
Cognitive function is altered 4%. Poor decision making. Physical mishaps.
Most people are at 3%
6-8 hours without fluids during the night. You do lose fluid each night. 400-700mls. Every breath you lose fluid (breath on hand).
We all sweat constantly. You are sweating at the same rate as evaporation.
Most first drink for people is a dieretic. Not as effective. The body is designed to use clear fluids.
Effects even tooth decay. Oral heath linked to cardiac
10% shock is started here. It can be from bleeding or sweating. Hierarchy. Skin will suffer, then stomach etc.
40% heart and lungs shut down.
Probably 75% of people are around 3% or 4% dehydration.
How much water is needed?
They say 2litres.
Sometimes to just keep thirst away is 10litres
Use a lot of fluid when you are stressed.
Children will interrupt what they are doing to get a drink; adults don't.
Question: Are they losing fluid? Stop it. Bleeding? stop it. Broken bone? Immobilise it. Soft tissue? compress. Sweating? out of the heat. Burn? Cool it. Then afterwards: replace fluids.
3. Food
Two things: Sugars (glucose), and electrolytes
Sugar:
Running low affects the brain.
'Hangry'
Won't be dangerous to death unless.
Regulate sugar: Pancreas. It gets rid of excess sugar.
Organs getting large: fat
Physical looking fat: carbs/sugars.
Diabetics:
Too much
Obesity and trauma can damage the pancreas: NIDDM
What would it look like?
A drunk person
They could be low on sugar or temperature
Warning: many diabetics can be mistaken as drunk (Pregnant diabetic lady story).
Low or high sugar?
Always treat for a low if unsure. Takes hours to days to get dangerous.
If high, the body will try get sugar out. Breath: smell like nail polish remover.
Electrolytes:
Hydrates cells.
Most important: creates electricity.
The heart is only beating because of electrolytes. The brain is saying how fast, electrolytes are doing the action.
Sweating them out
Looks like?
Cramps, restless leg (a deep ake),
Intense exercise
Powerade: too many eletroyles. Dilute powerade three bottles. IVs do not have as much as powerade.
That Sugar Film: Movie
Signs they have too much?
Manic and pulse fast. Flush out with water
Sodium and potassium are important. The only electrolytes our hearts use.
Brasil nuts
4. Temperature
36.7 degrees is core temperature
35 - 38 is the range
Outside of this range, there is an illness
Hypothermia - Hyperthermia
39 degrees is when action should be altered. Paracetamol.
High temperture kills the bugs
25 degrees = dead. Most people will be dead before due to poor handling. 28-29 organs so low, heart is irritable (going on a stretcher can push someone into cardiac arrest.
42 degrees
Can handle cold better than heat.
Why?
Brain and skull.
Cold = shrink
Warm = swell
Everything swells: including brain. Brain can't swell much due to skull holding it in. It will use up all the free space in the skull. Space = 5mls (teaspoon).
Throbbing from the heat = brain pushing on the skull (a heat headache)
Pressure expands heat (like a pressure cooker). Therefore, brain will get hot far far far faster.
Heat stroke, autopsy = cells liquidfied.
What do we do?
Too warm or too cold
Touch them or watch
Turtle head (shoulders up, hands under armpits, legs together)
Goosebumps
Go pale. Blood has moved away from skin to core to keep it warm. Same with shock (low pressure)
Shiver
Breathing slow down
Once shivering becomes uncontrollable: that is hypothermia (mild)
Not dangerous when mild.
Risk assessment is best when kids have taken a risk.
Umbles, mumbles, grumbles, stumbles (look drunk)
Umbles: lethargy (out of character) laziness.
Mumbles: verbally, complaining
Grumbles: aggressive, denial that there is a problem
Stumbles: lack of coordination.
28 degrees: Stop shivering. Temperature plummets. Very in trouble. Consciences is gone
In the military: chargeable offences
Flushed. Blood shifted towards face because of heat or high pressure
Red/wet = hot
If sweating heaps: dehydrated
Once reached 10%, shock -> pale
Pale/wet = Heat exhausting
Weak pulse (pale)
Red/dry (flushed, sweat fails so temperature skyrockets)
Pulse full
Heat stroke is rare in NZ
Newspaper in sun will be like their skin
Temperature low: needs sugars and H2O
Temperature high: needs H2O to replace sweat
5. Partial Pressure
Skull picture
Holes in the skull (very tiny).
A concussion is a bleed. If it uses the 5ml it becomes a compression.
Coning (scary)
Death rattle
If they are pale, raise the tail (raise legs)
If they are red, raise the head
Concussion is a ground shake. Hit someone; you stop, but insides keep moving.
Just how we get bruises on arms, the same thing can happen to organs.
Concussion symptoms:
Pale (Shock)
Heart rate weakened
Dizzy (Stars) back of head
Head ache
Memory loss
Unconsciences (knocked out) but doesn't have to be
Nauseous Sick (not vomiting) (if vomiting, that is a pressure problem)
Visual disturbance
Most will vanish in 24 hours.
8 weeks can last. (3 weeks in rugby is not enough).
Can get concussed easily again if not fully healed and you can die
Every injury creates scars: Parkinson's,
Movie: Concussion (Will Smith)
If the bleed gets bigger, symptoms will get worse. Concussion will need to be checked.
These increasing leads from concussion to compression
Compression symtops
Pale (Shock) -> Flushed
Heart rate weakened -> full and bounding
Dizzy (Stars) back of head -> increase a lot
Head ache -> increase a lot
Memoryloss -> increase a lot
Unconsciences (knocked out) but doesn't have to be
Nauseous Sick -> volently
Visual disturbance ->
Concussion -> abstain from drinking for 72 hours
Symptoms can be quick, or can happen over 8 hours. If it is quick, they will probably die due to a lot of vessels bursting.
Aneurysm
Stress (high blood pressure). Inheritance. Age.
Cognitive function is altered 4%. Poor decision making. Physical mishaps.
Most people are at 3%
6-8 hours without fluids during the night. You do lose fluid each night. 400-700mls. Every breath you lose fluid (breath on hand).
We all sweat constantly. You are sweating at the same rate as evaporation.
Most first drink for people is a dieretic. Not as effective. The body is designed to use clear fluids.
Effects even tooth decay. Oral heath linked to cardiac
10% shock is started here. It can be from bleeding or sweating. Hierarchy. Skin will suffer, then stomach etc.
40% heart and lungs shut down.
Probably 75% of people are around 3% or 4% dehydration.
How much water is needed?
They say 2litres.
Sometimes to just keep thirst away is 10litres
Use a lot of fluid when you are stressed.
Children will interrupt what they are doing to get a drink; adults don't.
Question: Are they losing fluid? Stop it. Bleeding? stop it. Broken bone? Immobilise it. Soft tissue? compress. Sweating? out of the heat. Burn? Cool it. Then afterwards: replace fluids.
3. Food
Two things: Sugars (glucose), and electrolytes
Sugar:
Running low affects the brain.
'Hangry'
Won't be dangerous to death unless.
Regulate sugar: Pancreas. It gets rid of excess sugar.
Organs getting large: fat
Physical looking fat: carbs/sugars.
Diabetics:
Too much
Obesity and trauma can damage the pancreas: NIDDM
What would it look like?
A drunk person
They could be low on sugar or temperature
Warning: many diabetics can be mistaken as drunk (Pregnant diabetic lady story).
Low or high sugar?
Always treat for a low if unsure. Takes hours to days to get dangerous.
If high, the body will try get sugar out. Breath: smell like nail polish remover.
Electrolytes:
Hydrates cells.
Most important: creates electricity.
The heart is only beating because of electrolytes. The brain is saying how fast, electrolytes are doing the action.
Sweating them out
Looks like?
Cramps, restless leg (a deep ake),
Intense exercise
Powerade: too many eletroyles. Dilute powerade three bottles. IVs do not have as much as powerade.
That Sugar Film: Movie
Signs they have too much?
Manic and pulse fast. Flush out with water
Sodium and potassium are important. The only electrolytes our hearts use.
Brasil nuts
4. Temperature
36.7 degrees is core temperature
35 - 38 is the range
Outside of this range, there is an illness
Hypothermia - Hyperthermia
39 degrees is when action should be altered. Paracetamol.
High temperture kills the bugs
25 degrees = dead. Most people will be dead before due to poor handling. 28-29 organs so low, heart is irritable (going on a stretcher can push someone into cardiac arrest.
42 degrees
Can handle cold better than heat.
Why?
Brain and skull.
Cold = shrink
Warm = swell
Everything swells: including brain. Brain can't swell much due to skull holding it in. It will use up all the free space in the skull. Space = 5mls (teaspoon).
Throbbing from the heat = brain pushing on the skull (a heat headache)
Pressure expands heat (like a pressure cooker). Therefore, brain will get hot far far far faster.
Heat stroke, autopsy = cells liquidfied.
What do we do?
Too warm or too cold
Touch them or watch
- Too cold
Turtle head (shoulders up, hands under armpits, legs together)
Goosebumps
Go pale. Blood has moved away from skin to core to keep it warm. Same with shock (low pressure)
Shiver
Breathing slow down
Once shivering becomes uncontrollable: that is hypothermia (mild)
Not dangerous when mild.
Risk assessment is best when kids have taken a risk.
Umbles, mumbles, grumbles, stumbles (look drunk)
Umbles: lethargy (out of character) laziness.
Mumbles: verbally, complaining
Grumbles: aggressive, denial that there is a problem
Stumbles: lack of coordination.
28 degrees: Stop shivering. Temperature plummets. Very in trouble. Consciences is gone
In the military: chargeable offences
- Too hot
Opens up
Sweating
Breathing rate increase (getting rid of heat)
Sweating
Breathing rate increase (getting rid of heat)
Flushed. Blood shifted towards face because of heat or high pressure
Red/wet = hot
If sweating heaps: dehydrated
Once reached 10%, shock -> pale
Pale/wet = Heat exhausting
Weak pulse (pale)
Red/dry (flushed, sweat fails so temperature skyrockets)
Pulse full
Heat stroke is rare in NZ
Newspaper in sun will be like their skin
Temperature low: needs sugars and H2O
Temperature high: needs H2O to replace sweat
5. Partial Pressure
Skull picture
Holes in the skull (very tiny).
A concussion is a bleed. If it uses the 5ml it becomes a compression.
Coning (scary)
Death rattle
If they are pale, raise the tail (raise legs)
If they are red, raise the head
Concussion is a ground shake. Hit someone; you stop, but insides keep moving.
Just how we get bruises on arms, the same thing can happen to organs.
Concussion symptoms:
Pale (Shock)
Heart rate weakened
Dizzy (Stars) back of head
Head ache
Memory loss
Unconsciences (knocked out) but doesn't have to be
Nauseous Sick (not vomiting) (if vomiting, that is a pressure problem)
Visual disturbance
Most will vanish in 24 hours.
8 weeks can last. (3 weeks in rugby is not enough).
Can get concussed easily again if not fully healed and you can die
Every injury creates scars: Parkinson's,
Movie: Concussion (Will Smith)
If the bleed gets bigger, symptoms will get worse. Concussion will need to be checked.
These increasing leads from concussion to compression
Compression symtops
Pale (Shock) -> Flushed
Heart rate weakened -> full and bounding
Dizzy (Stars) back of head -> increase a lot
Head ache -> increase a lot
Memoryloss -> increase a lot
Unconsciences (knocked out) but doesn't have to be
Nauseous Sick -> volently
Visual disturbance ->
Concussion -> abstain from drinking for 72 hours
Symptoms can be quick, or can happen over 8 hours. If it is quick, they will probably die due to a lot of vessels bursting.
Aneurysm
Stress (high blood pressure). Inheritance. Age.
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